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HIV is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease | Image credit: © BillionPhotos.com – © BillionPhotos.com – Stock.adobe.com.

HIV increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, according to a recent study presented by the National Institutes of Health at the 2024 Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections in Denver.

Take-out

  1. A recent study published by the National Institutes of Health highlights that people with HIV are at increased risk for cardiovascular disease.
  2. The REPRIEVE trial investigated the effectiveness of the cholesterol-lowering drug pitavastatin in reducing major cardiovascular events such as heart attacks and strokes in HIV-infected patients.
  3. The REPRIEVE trial enrolled 7,769 people with HIV between the ages of 40 and 75, and participants included a variety of races and genders.
  4. Certain subgroups, including those from high-income countries, black people, and cis women, have an increased risk of cardiovascular events, demonstrating the importance of individualized approaches to managing the cardiovascular health of people with HIV.
  5. Current tools for assessing cardiovascular risk may underestimate risk in these populations and need updating to provide optimal care.

The Randomized Trial to Prevent Vascular Events in HIV (REPRIEVE) study investigated whether the cholesterol-lowering drug known as pitavastatin is effective in reducing the risk of major cardiovascular events such as heart attacks and strokes in people with HIV. This was a large-scale clinical trial to evaluate whether

The incidence of major cardiovascular events was assessed in patients not receiving pitavastatin or other statins. We compared the incidence in these patients to that predicted by standard estimates based on the American College of Cardiology and American Heart Association pooled cohort risk equation scores.

The REPRIEVE trial enrolled 7,769 HIV-infected people aged 40 to 75 years. Ethnic and gender diversity was reported among these participants. The primary measure was a 35% reduction in the risk of major cardiovascular events when pitavastatin calcium was taken compared to placebo.

Many subgroups of patients had different rates of cardiovascular events when compared to predicted rates. This includes a two-fold increased risk of major adverse cardiovascular events in HIV-infected and non-HIV patients.

High-income countries have a higher incidence of cardiovascular events, with a 2.5-fold increased risk reported for cis women. Black participants also had an increased risk of cardiovascular events, with rates increasing by more than 50% in these patients.

In addition, black people in high-income countries, black people with a family history of hypertension or early onset cardiovascular disease, current or former smokers, and people with HIV in high-income countries experience their first major cardiovascular event. The risk of doing so has increased. Detectable HIV viral load.

Current tools used to measure the risk of cardiovascular events may also underestimate the risk in certain HIV patients. The researchers recommended updating tools to provide quality care to a diverse population of HIV patients.

reference

The tool underestimates the risk of cardiovascular events in people with HIV. National Institutes of Health. March 4, 2024. Accessed March 4, 2024. https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/tools-underestimate-cardiovascular-event-risk-people-hiv

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